Building fire protection has two basic functions. First and foremost is to protect the safety of the people in the building. Second it is to minimize any losses due to a fire. 

Building occupants need to be made aware of a potential risk and then be able to leave that risk or be protected. In the case of a fire, smoke and fire detecting equipment, combined with alarms and other annunciations work to let residents and the fire department know of any emergencies. 

These systems are maintained regularly by specialized contractors. Since much of these systems are electrical and software-driven it is important to plan for regular system updates as well as component replacements.   This is important to ensure the optimal performance of the system devices as well as ensuring all safety systems are properly integrated. 

The spread of fire is controlled using sprinkler systems and fire separations. A building’s age will often determine the extent of sprinkler installation.  In parking garages, corrosion of this piping can occur if the interior environment is not well managed.  

Building residents are directed to Safe exits by exit signs and lighting – on battery packs or other Emergency Lighting systems. Hi-rise emergency systems such as lighting, Fire Department access to elevators, and fire pumps, etc. have emergency electrical supply from a diesel generator. Regular maintenance and generator overhauls will extend the time to complete replacements. 

An important aspect of building fire safety is smoke control. Smoke must be contained in the fire area; smoke that contaminates corridors or other exit such as stairwells can result in smoke inhalation deaths.  It is therefore important that corridor and stairwell pressurization are effectively managed.  additional benefits of improving fire safety by managing building pressurization include reduced energy use and improved occupant comfort by reducing drafts and odour transfer.